This, That and My 1

Id: 61
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Introduction

​This & That

Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives

  • As in English, the same words (this, that, those, etc.) are used as demonstrative pronouns (DP) (to point out something) and demonstrative adjectives (DA) (to say that something has some characteristic - red, big, etc.).

Word order - Demonstrative Pronouns

  • When used as a pronoun, the word order is Demonstrative Pronoun + Noun/Noun phrase (Subject(S)) + Verb.
  • Examples:
  • Hau (DP) kotxea(S) da(V). : This is the car. (lit: This car is.)
  • Hau (DP) kotxe(N) gorria(A) da(V). : This is the red car.(note: “kotxe gorria” is a noun phrase that is the object of the sentence and “Hau” is the subject.

Word order - Demonstrative Adjectives

  • When used as an adjective, the Demonstrative Adjectives (DA) is the last item in the noun phrase (Noun (N), Adjective(A), demonstrative adjective(DA) and is used with a complementary adjective(CA) and a verb(V).
  • Note that when a demonstrative adjective is used, adjectives and noun in the rest of the noun phrase use the plain form (gorri not gorria or gorriak).
  • Examples:
  • Kotxe(N) hau(DA) gorria(CA) da(V).: This car is red.
  • Kotxe(N) gorri(A) hau (S(DA)) handia(CA) da(V). : This red car is big. (Note in the subject noun phrase “Kotxe gorri hau” neither kotxe or gorri have a grammatical ending as hau fills that role.

Vocabulary This & To Whom 1

  • hau: this
  • hauek: these (plural of hau)
  • hori: that
  • horiek: those (plural of hori)
  • hura: that over there (also 3d person single pronoun “he/she/it”)
  • haiek: Those over there (plural of hura and also 3d person plural pronoun “they”)
  • eskola: school
  • liburu: book

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Words

BasqueEnglishImages
hau this ['this1', 'this2', 'this3']
hauek these None
hori that ['that1', 'that2', 'that3']
hura that over there,he,she,it,that ['thatthere1', 'thatthere2', 'thatthere3']
haiek those over there, plural of hura,they,those,those over there ['thosethere1', 'thosethere2', 'thosethere3']
eskola school ['school1', 'school2', 'school3']
liburu book ['book1', 'book2', 'book3']

Phrases

Katu handi hau laranja da, baina ahula.
 This big cat is orange, but weak.
Katu laranja hau handia da.
 This orange cat is big.
Katu handi hau laranja zen, baina orain urdina da.
 This big cat was orange, but now it is blue.
Hau Joseba da. Kaixo Joseba, zer moduz?
 This is Joseba. Hello Joseba, how are you?
Mutil hau Iziar da.
 This boy is Iziar.
Nor da hau?
 Who is this?
Hau irakaslea da.
 This is a teacher.
This is the teacher.
Zer da hau?
 What is this?
Eskola hori ez da berdea, horia baizik.
 That school is not green, but yellow.
Hau eskola zen, baina orain hotela da.
 This was a school, but now it is a hotel.
Zer dira hauek?
 What are these?
Hauek hotelak dira.
 These are hotels
Liburu hauek berdeak dira.
 These books are green.
Hori autobus berdea da.
 That is a green bus.
That is the green bus.
Zer da hori?
 What is that?
Hori da Iziar. Iziar mutil indartsua da.
 That is Iziar. Iziar is a strong boy.
Katu beltz hori ahula da.
 That black cat is weak.
Hotel horiek zuriak dira.
 Those hotels are white.
Ikasle horiek mutil indartsuak dira.
 Those students are strong boys.
Hura katu hura beltza da.
 That over there is a black cat.
That over there is the black cat.
Gizon hura irakaslea da.
 That man over there is a teacher.
That man over there is the teacher.
Hotel haiek berdeak dira.
 Those hotels over there are green.
Neska haiek ikasleak dira.
 Those girls over there are students.
Hotel haiek berdeak zineten, baina orain laranjak dira.
 Those hotels over there were green, but now they are orange.
Txakur txiki horiek grisak dira, baizik txakur handi hauek beltzak dira.
 Those small dogs are gray while these big dogs are black.
Those small dogs are gray but these big dogs are black.
Autobusa hau eta kotxe horiek urdina dira.
 This bus and those cars are blue.
Hau autobusa da, baina hori kotxea da.
 This is a bus while that is a car.
This is a bus but that is a car.

Dictionary

EnglishBasque
Joseba ('Joseba (name)',)
Iziar ('Iziar (name)',)
a ('-a',)
also ('ere',)
an ('-ak',)
and ('eta',)
animal ('animalia',)
animals ('animaliak',)
are ('dira',)
big ('handi',)
bird ('txoria',)
birds ('txoriak',)
black ('beltz',)
blue ('urdin',)
book ('liburu',)
books ('liburuak',)
boy ('mutil',)
boys ('mutilak',)
bus ('autobusa',)
but ('baina, baizik',)
car ('kotxea',)
cars ('kotxeak',)
cat ('katu',)
cats ('katuak',)
chicken ('oilasko',)
chickens ('oilaskoak',)
dog ('txakur',)
dogs ('txakurrak',)
fast ('azkar',)
fat ('gizena',)
girl ('neska',)
girls ('neskak',)
gray ('gris',)
green ('berde',)
he ('hura',)
hello ('kaixo',)
hotel ('hotel',)
hotels ('hotelak',)
hau ('hau',)
how ('zer(what)',)
hura ('hura',)
is ('da',)
it ('hura',)
Lili ('Lili (LibreLingo Turtle)',)
look! ('begira!',)
man ('gizon',)
new ('berri',)
no ('ez',)
not ('ez',)
now ('orain',)
old ('zahar',)
one ('bat',)
orange ('laranja',)
of ('de',)
over ('amaitu',)
owl ('hontza',)
owls ('hontzak',)
plural ('plurala',)
pretty ('polit',)
purple ('morea',)
purse ('poltsa',)
purses ('poltsak',)
red ('gorri',)
school ('eskola',)
she ('hura',)
short ('labur',)
slow ('motel',)
small ('txiki',)
strong ('indartsu',)
tall ('altu',)
that ('hori', 'hura')
the ('-a',)
there ('hor',)
these ('hauek',)
they ('haiek',)
they ('haiek',)
thin ('argal',)
this ('hau',)
those ('haiek', 'horiek')
turtle ('dortoka',)
turtles ('dortokak',)
ugly ('itsusi',)
was ('zen',)
weak ('ahul',)
what ('zer',)
while ('baina',)
white ('zuri',)
who ('nor',)
yellow ('hori',)
young ('gazte',)
BasqueEnglish
Joseba ('Joseba (name)',)
Iziar ('Iziar (name)',)
ahul ('weak',)
ahula ('weak',)
ahulak ('weak',)
altua ('tall',)
animalia ('animal',)
animaliak ('animals',)
argala ('thin',)
autobus ('bus',)
autobusa ('bus',)
azkarra ('fast',)
bat ('one',)
baina ('but',)
baizik ('but rather',)
begira! ('look!',)
beltz ('black',)
beltza ('black',)
berde ('green',)
berdea ('green',)
berdeak ('green',)
berria ('new',)
da ('is',)
dira ('are',)
dortoka ('a turtle',)
dortokak ('turtles',)
ere ('also',)
eskola ('school',)
eta ('and',)
ez ('not,no',)
gaztea ('young',)
gizen ('fat',)
gizena ('fat',)
gizon ('man',)
gorri ('red',)
gorria ('red',)
gris ('gray',)
grisa ('gray',)
grisak ('gray',)
haiek ('those over there, plural of hura', 'they')
handi ('big',)
handia ('big',)
hau ('this',)
hauek ('These, plural of hau',)
hontz ('owl',)
hontza ('owl',)
hontzak ('owls',)
hori ('that', 'yellow')
horia ('yellow',)
horiak ('yellow',)
horiek ('Those, plural of hori',)
hotel ('hotel',)
hotela ('hotel',)
hotelak ('hotels',)
hura ('that over there', 'he', 'she', 'it')
indartsu ('strong',)
indartsua ('strong',)
indartsuak ('strong',)
itsusia ('ugly',)
kaixo ('hello',)
katu ('cat',)
katua ('a cat',)
katuak ('cats',)
kotxe ('car',)
kotxea ('car',)
kotxeak ('cars',)
laburra ('short',)
laranja ('orange',)
laranjak ('orange',)
liburu ('book',)
liburua ('a book',)
liburuak ('books',)
Lili ('Lili (LibreLingo Turtle)',)
moduz ('are you',)
morea ('purple',)
motela ('slow',)
mutil ('boy',)
mutila ('boy',)
mutilak ('boys',)
neska ('girl',)
neskak ('girls',)
nor ('who',)
oilasko ('chicken',)
oilaskoa ('a chicken',)
oilaskoak ('chickens',)
orain ('now',)
polita ('pretty',)
poltsa ('purse',)
poltsak ('purses',)
txakur ('dog',)
txakura ('a dog',)
txakurrak ('dogs',)
txikia ('small',)
txoria ('bird',)
txoriak ('birds',)
urdin ('blue',)
urdina ('blue',)
urdinak ('blue',)
uso ('pigeon',)
usoa ('a pigeon',)
usoak ('pigeons',)
zahara ('old',)
zaharra ('old',)
zen ('was',)
zer ('what',)
zuri ('white',)
zuria ('white',)
zuriak ('white',)