Eduki 1 (Transitive Verbs)

39. Eduki 1

Note: Basque has two words for “to have”, Eduki and Ukan (which is also used as the auxiliary verb for non-conjugated transitive verbs).
Eduki is common in Spain, but seldom used in France.
Word order in Basque can be very flexible, but normally for transitive verbs it is Subject-Object-Verb (SOV).
As with intransitive verbs, when adjectives are used, they follow the noun,
the noun doesn’t change and the grammar suffix is added to the last adjective in the noun phrase.

In the examples below, note that “to have” with a single object is dauka- with the endings -t, -zu, -. -gu, -zue, -te
(nik daukat, zuk daukazu, hark dauka, guk daukagu, zuek daukazue, haiek daukate)
while “to have” with a plural object is dauzka- with same endings of -t, -zu, -. -gu, -zue, -te
(nik dauzkat, zuk dauzkazu, hark dauzka, guk dauzkagu, zuek dauzkazue, haiek dauzkate).
You will see the pattern of da- for third person object, the stem, in this case -uka/ukazka- with the endings, -t, -zu, -. -gu, -zue, -(z)te
used with other verbs.
For example jakin, to know (da- + -ki/kizki- +endings
nik dakit/dakizkit, zuk dakizu/dakizkizu, hark daki/dakizki, guk dakigu/dakizkigu, zuek dakizue/dakizkizue, haiek dakite/dakizkite
and the auxiliary verb Ukan/Edun (d- + -u/itu- + endings)
nik dut/ditut, zuk duzu/dituzu, hark du/ditu, guk dugu/ditugu, zuek duzue/dituzue, haiek dute/dituzte
Note: Nork pronouns end in -k (nik, zuk, hark, guk, zuek, haiek)

The chart below shows the main parts of the NORK-NOR (ergative -absolutive) case in Basque.
The NORK (ergative) case is used with the subject of transitive verbs (verbs which have objects)
while the object of the verb is in the NOR (absolutive) case, which is the case used for the subject of intransitive verbs, and was covered earlier.
Example: Txakurra gaztea da. The dog is young.(txakurra is the intransitive verb subject)
Mikelek txakurra dauka. Michael has the dog.(txakurra is the transitive verb object)

As was covered in module 20, the Basque word for any is the suffix -rik.
When using -rik, you just add -rik to the no article form. Ex: diru = money, dirurik. = any money.
As with English, -rik is normally used with negative sentences. The subject doesn’t have any of the object. Also note -rik makes the object single.